I'm not big on word play. Call it effective focal length, interpreted focal length, apparent focal length, whatever? It comes from this formula;
D = sensor size horizontal width in millimetres (36mm used)
f = effective focal length in millimetres
a = horizontal angle of view
f = D/(2*(TAN(a/2)))
That is this formula transposed.
a = 2*ARCTAN(D/(2*f))
The first formula on the wiki page for angle of view.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_view
EDIT: Typo. Changed 35mm to 36mm for the 36x24 full frame format.
D = sensor size horizontal width in millimetres (36mm used)
f = effective focal length in millimetres
a = horizontal angle of view
f = D/(2*(TAN(a/2)))
That is this formula transposed.
a = 2*ARCTAN(D/(2*f))
The first formula on the wiki page for angle of view.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_view
EDIT: Typo. Changed 35mm to 36mm for the 36x24 full frame format.